Le più belle rappresentazioni di guerrieri

[King John]

Sybrita 
Stater 4th century BC, AR 12.09 g. Bearded head of Dionysus r., wearing wreath of vine leaves; in r. field, bunch of grapes. Rev. SUBR - ITIWN Head of Hermes r., wearing petasus and chlamys ; in r. field, caduceus. Traité III, 1712 (this reverse dies). Svoronos 4 and pl. XXX, 15-16. Schefold 522 (this coin). Jameson 2136 (this coin).
Extremely rare and among the finest specimens known of this intriguing issue. Two
wonderful portraits of superb late Classical-early Hellenistic style and with
a magnificent old cabinet tone, good very fine / about extremely fine 
Ex Leu 77, 2000, 233 and NGSA 7, 2012, 69 sales. From the Jameson and Käppeli collections.
Unlike their brethren in other areas of the Hellenic world, the remote Cretans maintained archaic forms of speech and insular traditions; thus it is not surprising that the adoption of coinage in Crete occurred rather later than elsewhere. The earliest coins that circulated on the island, imported Aeginetan staters of the type of a sea turtle with a T-shaped pattern of dots on the carapace and a developed skew reverse, arrived due to the close ties between Aegina in the Saronic Gulf and the city of Kydonia on the northwestern Cretan littoral, which it had colonized c. 520 B.C. The abundance of Aegina’s output was severely curtailed around 480 B.C., and after its capture in 457 B.C. it may have ended entirely for some time. Having by this time become heavily dependent on imported coins of Aegina for its economy, the sudden lack of such specie drove the Cretans to develop their own native coinages, first at Gortyna and Phaistos in alliance, then slightly later at both Knossos and Lyttos concurrently. The earliest coins from these four cities were nearly always overstruck on earlier Aeginetan issues.
Beginning in the second quarter of the 4th century B.C., coinage spread to other metropolitan centers on the island, notably Sybrita, Axos and Itanos. Sybrita, which lay inland in west-central Crete atop Kefala Hill along the southern slopes of Mount Ida, controlled the Amari Basin through which the principal north-south and east-west trade routes passed. This fortuitous siting, along with its sea-port on the Libyan Sea at Soulia, which was a part of the territory of Sybrita, allowed the city to prosper commercially and culturally during the later Hellenic and early Hellenistic periods.
The early coinage of Sybrita was struck only infrequently, and the scarcity of the coins today suggests that these periods of striking were relatively short-lived. Nonetheless, it is interesting both for its variety and high artistic quality. Its first coins were struck c. 380 B.C., and show a seated Hermes on the obverse and a winged hippocamp surrounded by the city’s ethnic in a disorganized fashion within a shallow incuse square on the reverse. Around 360 B.C. Sybrita replaced Phaistos as the junior partner in its alliance with Gortyna, and for a few years struck types copying the coinage of its sister city: on the obverse, a female - presumably but not conclusively identified as Europa - seated amid the branches of a tree, with a pose of patient expectation resting her head upon her hand, and on the reverse a bull standing with its head turned back to lick its flank. Like the contemporary coins of Gortyna, this type is commonly found overstruck on Aeginetan staters or earlier native Cretan issues. After a hiatus of several years, in the final decades of the 4th century B.C. Sybrita struck an especially beautiful coinage, the present specimen being a particularly splendid example. The superbly rendered types portray the city’s principal deities, the head of Dionysos, the lord of the vine, with his wreath of ivy before which is a cluster of grapes on a small twig occupying the obverse, and the head of the messenger-god Hermes, wearing a petasos and accompanied by his sign of office, the caduceus, on the reverse. These lovely types were probably inspired by coins from the northern Aegean regions of Macedon and Thrace, as an influx of coinage from that area was then making its way to the island in the purses of Cretan mercenaries who had served in the Macedonian wars of Philip II and Alexander III.

[King John]

KINGS OF PAPHLAGONIA. Era of Amyntas? (36-25 BC). Ae. Isinda.
Obv: Bust of Artemis right, bow and quiver over shoulder.
Rev: IΣIN. 
Macedonian helmet right; to right, date A.
RPC I 3513A.
Condition: Very fine.
Weight: 3.61 g.
Diameter: 15 mm.

[Traiano177]

Il 29/10/2015 alle 23:16, apollonia dice:

Esemplare meglio conservato del precedente in http://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=2396884

 

 

Crete, Aptera AR Stater. Signed by Pythodoros. Circa 4th century BC. Α[ΠΤAΡΑΙΩΝ] around head of Artemis Aptera to right, with hair elaborately curled upwards around a stephane ornamented with palmettes; she wears an elaborate crescent and solar-disk pendant earring with three drops and a pearl necklace; to right in smaller letters the artist’s signature: ΠΥΘΟΔΟΡΟΥ / Warrior hero Apteros, called Ptolioikos, standing facing, his bearded head left, wearing crested helmet and cuirass, holding in his left hand a spear and shield decorated with a sunburst, his right is raised towards a sacred fir tree in left field; ΠΤΟΛΙΟΙΚΟΣ around. Le Rider, Monnaies crétoises, p. 36, 269-70, pl. 9, 11-12; Svoronos, Crète, p. 15, pl. 1, 10 (same dies); BMC 1, pl. 2, 3 (same dies); BMFA Suppl. 108 (same dies); LIMC VII/1, p. 588, VII/2, sv. Ptolioikos 2 (same rev. die); for the engraver’s signature see L. Forrer, Notes sur les signatures de graveurs sur les monnaies grecques, Bruxelles 1906, pp. 277-284. 11.78g, 24mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare. Of exceptionally fine style and quality, and among the finest of the very few known examples. From the Eckenheimer Collection. The stunningly beautiful obverse female portrait is that of Artemis Aptera (or Aptara as inscribed on the coins, a local form of the Cretan Artemis Diktynna), the patron goddess of the city. Before her image in small characters proudly appears the name of the artist Pythodoros, a master die-engraver who also worked at Polyrherion on the equally beautifully styled female head which has been defined as that of Britomartis, ‘sweet maiden’ in the Cretan dialect. Also identified as Artemis Diktynna, Britomartis in Cretan myth was caught in a fisherman’s net (diktyon) while trying to escape the advances of Poseidon, and was the subject of several Cretan coin types inspired by a statue then attributed to Daedalos, who was reputed to be the father of Cretan art (cf. Le Rider pp. 114-6, 3-6 pl. 28, 19-38; Svoronos 15-16, pl. 26, 4-5; Traité pl. 261, 25; BMC 1-2). Both images are very much influenced by the Sicilian school of die engraving as epitomised by the celebrated artists such as Kimon, Phrygillos, Eukleidas, Euainetos and Eumenes. The reverse type is of no less mythological and historic interest; the warrior in question is Apteros, called Ptolioikos, a title literally meaning ‘dweller in the city’. He is shown saluting a tree, a scene which can be interpreted as a rendering of what must surely be a now lost myth concerning the oiktistes or founder of the city. The fine remains of the ancient polis of Aptera or Aptara (IACP 947), the modern Palaiokastro, are situated near the Minoan site of Megala Chorapia on the south side of Suda Bay, the safest anchorage in Crete throughout Greek, Venetian and Ottoman times, and which is today an important NATO naval base. Eusebius informs us that the city was founded by an eponymous hero, Apteros in the year 1503 BC (Chronicon 44c). The first historical mention of Aptera dates from the 7th century BC when a contingent of archers is reported to have fought along with Spartans in the war against Messene (Pausanius, Description of Greece IV 20, 8). Various attemps in antiquity were made to explain the city’s name: notably, that it was the site of the song contest of the Muses and Sirens. In this story the latter lost their wings in a fight that ensued after their defeat (Stephen of Byzantium sv. Aptera; ‘aptera’ = ‘wingless’). The city’s name most likely derives from one of the epithets of Artemis, Aπτερα (cf. Inscriptionis Cretae 2), similar to that of the statue in the temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis at Athens, which later took on the name of Nike Apteros, meaning ‘wingless’ Nike. From the fourth century BC Aptera produced coins on the Aiginetan weight standard, but by later Hellenistic times it gradually declined in favour of its powerful neighbour Kydonia and was finally absorbed by Rome in 67 BC.

 

 

apollonia

Wow,magnifica

[King John]

Classical Numismatic Group > Electronic Auction 415	Auction date: 28 February 2018
Lot number: 253 Price realized: 180 USD   (Approx. 147 EUR)   Note: Prices do not include buyer's fees.
COELE-SYRIA, Chalkis ad Libanon. Ptolemaios. Tetrarch, circa 85-40 BC. Æ (19mm, 6.28 g, 12h). Dated year 2 of the Pompeian Era (63/2 BC). Laureate head of Zeus right / The Dioskouroi, each holding spear, standing facing and looking at each other; [L B] (date) to outer right; all within laurel wreath. Herman 4g; HGC 9, 1440; DCA 473; Sofaer 17. VF, dark green to black patina with reddish earthen highlights/deposits. Estimate: 100 USD

[King John]

Zenobia. Usurper, AD 268-272. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.17 g, 6h). Antioch mint, 8th officina. 2nd emission, March-May AD 272. S ZЄNOBIA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, set on crescent / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; at feet, peacock standing left, head right; star in left field. RIC V 2 corr. (star not noted); Bland, Coinage 29, e–k, dies 45/Jun ii; Carson, Zenobia 3 (same dies); MIR 47, 360b/0; BN 1267a. Choice EF, black-brown surfaces. Rare and exceptional for issue.
While a nominal ally of Rome, Odenathus, ruler of the wealthy eastern trade center of Palmyra and husband of Septimia Zenobia, took advantage of Rome’s internal and external conflicts to expand his territories. The circumstances surrounding the assassination of Odenathus around 267 are uncertain, but we do know that Zenobia soon after took the title of Augusta and bestowed on her infant son Vaballathus the title of Augustus. Zenobia continued to expand the Palmyrene kingdom, seizing control of Egypt in 269 and, with it, the Roman grain supply. To further bolster her position, Zenobia claimed to be the descendent of such illustrious figures as Cleopatra VII of Egypt and legendary Queen Dido of Carthage.
When Aurelian rose to the purple in 270, he pragmatically acquiesced to Zenobia and Vaballathus’ rule in the east while he concerned himself with stabilizing the situation in the west. By 272, he was prepared to campaign against the usurpers. Palmyra was sacked, and both Zenobia and Vabalathus were captured as they tried to make their way to Persia. Zenobia was brought to Rome and paraded in Aurelian’s triumph in 274. According to a later tradition, Aurelian, impressed by her beauty and dignity, later freed her and granted her a villa in Tibur, where she spent the rest of her life.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: LA CATTURA DI ZENOBIA, USURPATRICE D'ORIENTE, SIGNORA DEL REGNO DI PALMIRA

[eracle62]

Beh qui c'è pathos...

Non male questo antoniniano, con il ritratto di Zenobia, poi ci sarebbe da scrivere sulle rappresentazioni femminili e le stupende e variegate acconciature, mandavano messaggi anche loro..

[King John]

Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger > Auction 338	Auction date: 9 May 2018
Lot number: 728
RÖMISCHE MÜNZEN, RÖMISCHES KAISERREICH  SEVERUS ALEXANDER. 222-235, Sesterz. Belorbeerte und drapierte Büste r. Rs: Mars steht l. mit Speer und Parazonium, Fuß auf Prora gesetzt. C. 344. R.I.C. 477. Schöne dunkle Patina. vz Seit den frühen 1980er Jahren in deutschem Privatbesitz.  Estimate: 300 EUR

[King John]

@Traiano177 altra moneta in bronzo coniata da Ofella...

KYRENAICA, Kyrene. temp. Ophellas. Ptolemaic governor, first reign, circa 322-313 BC. Æ (20mm, 7.82 g, 8h). Tha–, magistrate. Horseman riding right; ΘA below / Oval wheel with four spokes and hub, seen in perspective; silphium plant between left. Asolati 20B; BMC 194a; Müller 329. Near VF, rough red-brown patina. From the Continental Collection.

Modificato 23 Aprile, 2018 da King John

[Traiano177]

1 ora fa, King John dice:

@Traiano177 altra moneta in bronzo coniata da Ofella...

KYRENAICA, Kyrene. temp. Ophellas. Ptolemaic governor, first reign, circa 322-313 BC. Æ (20mm, 7.82 g, 8h). Tha–, magistrate. Horseman riding right; ΘA below / Oval wheel with four spokes and hub, seen in perspective; silphium plant between left. Asolati 20B; BMC 194a; Müller 329. Near VF, rough red-brown patina. From the Continental Collection.

Molto molto bella e interessante, grazie mille per avermela mostrata

[King John]

Prutha. 26-36 d.C. PONCIO PILATOS. JUDEA. Anv.: Tres espigas y leyenda. Rev.: Proa de nave. 1,90 grs. AE. Pátina oscura. GIC-5622. MBC.

[eracle62]

Andiamo, andiamo King John, viaggiamo nel tempo...

[King John]

TRAJAN. 98-117 AD. Æ Sestertius (26.31 gm). Struck 115-116 AD.
Estimate $3000 
TRAJAN. 98-117 AD. Æ Sestertius (26.31 gm). Struck 115-116 AD. IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IMPERATOR VIII/S C in two lines in exergue, Trajan seated right on platform, placed on left, accompanied by two officers and addressing group of soldiers. RIC II 655 var. (not cuirassed); BMCRE 1017 var. (same); Banti, I Grande Bronzi Imperiale, 81; Cohen 176 var. (same). Good VF, red-brown patina on obverse, green on reverse. Superb imperial portrait and important historical type. ($3000)
The height of Rome's military might occurred under Trajan, and he expanded the Empire's borders to their greatest extent. First he dealt with the Dacians under their king Decebalus in two major campaigns (101-103 and 105-106 AD), eventually defeating them and absorbing the entire kingdom as the Roman province of Dacia. With the conquest of Dacia occurred an interval of relative peace, until in 114 trouble began with the Parthians on the eastern frontier. The Parthians had placed their own nominee in Armenia as king, thereby upsetting the balance of power that existed in the East, with Armenia acting as a buffer-state between Rome and Parthia. Trajan responded with military force; he annexed Armenia as another Roman province and then extended operations into Mesopotamia. By 116, he had conquered the whole of Mesopotamia, including the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon. The Romans believed that the great days of the past had returned and the army felt unwavering loyalty towards their commander. The reverse of this coin depicts Trajan's acclamation by the troops as imperator for the eighth time, which occurred with the fall of the city of Singara in 115 during the campaigns on the eastern frontier.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: LA BATTAGLIA DI TAPE (101 D.C.) IN CUI TRAIANO SCONFIGGE I DACI

[King John]

Alexander III. der Große, 336 - 323 v. Chr.Tetradrachme (17,21 g.), 336 - ca. 323 v. Chr. Mzst. Makedonien ("Amphipolis"). Vs.: Kopf des Herakles mit Löwenfell n. r. Rs.: ALEXANDROU, Zeus mit Adler thront n. l., davor Herme. Price 78; Müller -. Rs. Kratzer, fast vz Si noti al rovescio della moneta l'erma itifallica che era  un pilastro di marmo sormontato da una testa a tutto tondo che spesso raffigurava il dio Ermes (da cui il nome) e provvista di fallo propiziatorio eretto, ben visibile. ILLUSTRAZIONE: GUERRIERO GRECO DI RITORNO DALLA GUERRA CHE PRIMA DI ENTRARE IN CASA RINGRAZIA GLI DEI  PER AVERGLI SALVATO LA VITA

Modificato 24 Aprile, 2018 da King John

[eracle62]

Il sesterzio di Traiano è uno spettacolo...

Diamo lustro anche alla classica iconografia di Ermes.

 

                                                     

 

 

[King John]

(361.1) THESSALY, Larissa. Last quarter of 5th century BC. AR Obol (12mm, 0.86 g, 12h). Horse walking l., above, lion’s head l. / ΙΣ l. up, no other letters visible, the nymph Larissa to l., balancing hydria on her raised r. knee; behind her, fountain spout in the form of a lion’s head to l. from which pours water. This variety not found in consulted literature. Near VF, lightly toned, obverse rough and off centre, a very rare variety with the reverse to l.

[King John]

Julian II, the Apostate, 360-363 A.D.
Miliarense, 360-363 A.D. Arles. Pearl-diademed, draped; and cuirassed bust r. Rv. Soldier standing r. holding inverted spear and leaning on shield, eagle with wreath to r., VIRTVS EXERCITVS, SCONST in ex. 4.53 grams. RIC 307. Hairline flan crack. Pleasing dark gray toning. Extremely Fine and rare. (1,500-2,000)
Ex Hunt Collection (Sotheby's, June 1990, lot 885), Bank Leu 30 (April 1982, lot 47

ILLUSTRAZIONE: GIULIANO L'APOSTATA VIENE PROCLAMATO IMPERATORE

[eracle62]

Il tondello non mi fa impazzire, fra l'altro lo stile non è che mi piaccia molto..

Però l'aspetto storico compensa..

                                                

Nel 360 d.C. fu proclamato imperatore Flavio Claudio Giuliano, figlio di Giulio Costanzo, fratellastro di Costantino il Grande. Il nuovo
monarca trovò la corte di Costantinopoli popolata di corrotti e parassiti, che facevano mercato di uffici oltraggiando la giustizia.
Se ne liberò senza alcun riguardo riducendo il fasto e la spesa pubblica.
Ammiano Marcellino narra che l’imperatore avendo fatto chiamare un barbiere e vedendolo apparire agghindato esclamò. “Avevo ordinato che
si chiamasse un barbiere , non un senatore”. Giuliano ridusse a millesettecento i diecimila ufficiali del fisco, tagliò a fondo gli
alti stipendi dei burocrati realizzando un cauto programma di sgravi fiscali e un decentramento amministrativo; garantì il buon funzionamento dell’amministrazione statale e dell’ordinamento giudiziario. In campo monetario adeguò il rapporto oro-argento e favorì una certa ripresa dell’ economia privata.
Con questo orientamento liberale ispirato da concezioni elleniche e neoplatoniche in meno di tre anni risanò il bilancio pubblico, ma la morte prematura lo colse a soli 32 anni interrompendosi così il processo di riforma avviato. La sua vita fu disprezzata dai detrattori che ingiustamente lo chiamarono con disprezzo l’Apostata nonostante la sua mitezza d’animo verso i cristiani.
Dopo la sua morte l’impero in pochi lustri si disgregò non a causa delle invasioni barbariche, ma per il venir meno della buona amministrazione.

                                                       

 

Modificato 25 Aprile, 2018 da eracle62

[King John]

THRACE - MESSEMBRIA(IIIe - IIe siècles avant J.-C.) Bronze, (PB, ئ 21) N° v38_0088   
Date : c. 250 AC.
Nom de l'atelier : Messembria
Métal : bronze
Diamètre : 17,5mm
Axe des coins : 11h.
Poids : 5,77g.
Degré de rareté : R1
Etat de conservation : TTB Prix de départ : 120 €  Estimation : 180 €   
Prix réalisé : 120 €   
Commentaires sur l'état de conservation : Exemplaire de haut relief sur un petit flan épais, légèrement décentré au droit sur la pointe du casque. Jolie patine marron foncé. N° dans les ouvrages de référence : BMC.1  - GC.- - - Aulock-  - Cop.-  - WSC.229
Titulature avers : Anépigraphe.
Description avers : Casque thrace à droite avec les paragnathides.
Description revers : Bouclier celte.
Légende revers : METAM/BΡIANΩ[N]
Traduction revers : (de Messembria). 
Commentaire à propos de cet exemplaire : Poids lourd. Les seuls exemplaires signalés, ceux de la collection Stancomb décrivent bien au revers un bouclier celte (WSC. n° 229-230, pl. X).
Commentaires : La forme épigraphique est archaïque avec Metambrianwn au lieu de Mesambrianwn. Le casque s’est déjà rencontré sur le monnayage de la cité, mais il était plutôt corinthien. Les exemplaires de la collection Stancomb pèsent respectivement 4,45 g et 5,20 g.
Historique : Messembria était une colonie importante de Mégare, fondée vers 510 avant J.-C. Elle était située sur le Pont-Euxin, bordée par la Mer Noire, au nord d'Apollonia Pontica. Port Thrace, elle accueillit les réfugiés de Byzance et de Calchédoine lors de la révolte ionnienne contre Darius au début du Ve siècle avant J.-C. Le nom de la cité lui-même signifie (le midi = meshmbria en grec). Messembria vouait un culte à l'Apollo solaire de Mégare, sa métropole. La cité fut conquise par les Romains en 72 avant J.-C.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: SOLDATI DEL REGNO DEL PONTO
 

[King John]

  AXIA(71 avant J.-C.)Lucius Axsius Naso Denier N° v23_0255   
Date : 71 AC.
Nom de l'atelier : Rome 
Métal : argent
Diamètre : 18,5mm
Axe des coins : 6h.
Poids : 3,85g.
Degré de rareté : R2
Etat de conservation : TTB/TTB+ Prix de départ : 300 €  Estimation : 450 €   
Prix réalisé : 520 €  Nombres d'offres : 4   Offre maximum : 642 €   
Commentaires sur l'état de conservation : Très beau portrait. Une fine rayure devant le visage. Revers de style très fin avec une jolie patine de collection ancienne. N° dans les ouvrages de référence : B.1 (Axia) - BMC/RR.-  - CRR.794  - RRC.400 /1a - RSC.2
Titulature avers : NASO/ S.C./ VIII.
Description avers : Tête imberbe de Mars à droite, coiffé d’un casque ailé.
Traduction avers : “Naso/ Senatus Consulto”, (Naso, avec l’accord du Sénat).
Titulature revers : L. AXSIVS. L. F./ VIII.
Description revers : Diane dans un bige de cerf à droite, tenant une haste de la main droite ; deux chiens de chasse derrière, un autre sous le char.
Traduction revers : “Lucius Axsius Lucii filius”, (Lucius Axsius fils de Lucius). 
Commentaire à propos de cet exemplaire : Pour ce type, M. Crawford a relevé une estimation de vingt-quatre coins de droit et de vingt-sept coins de revers. Chaque marque de contrôle n’est liée qu’à un coin de droit.
Commentaires : Pour ce monétaire, nous avons deux variétés en fonction du casque qui est orné dans certains cas d’un cimier. Les coins sont numérotés de I à XX. Il peut exister plusieurs coins pour un même numéro. Chaque numéro de coin de droit est associé à son “alter ego” au revers. D’après M. Crawford, Lucius Axsius Naso était un banquier attesté par une tessère. Un homonyme sera proscrit en 43 avant J.-C.. La présence au revers de Diane dans une scène de chasse serait un jeu de mot avec les cerfs qui tirent le bige (cervi axes).
Historique : En 71 avant J.-C., Crassus mit fin à la révolte de Spartacus qui avait commencé en 73 avant J.-C. Pompée écrasa les restes des bandes d'esclaves et les survivants furent crucifiés. Les consuls furent Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura et Cnوus Aufidius Orestes.

 

ILLUSTRAZIONE: SPARTACO

 

[King John]

Stephen Album Rare Coins > Auction 30	Auction date: 18 January 2018
Lot number: 2 Price realized: 100 USD   (Approx. 82 EUR)   Note: Prices do not include buyer's fees.
CARTHAGO NOVA: Scipio Africanus, ca. 209-208 BC, AE 13mm (1.84g), head left, said to be Scipio Africanus // horsehead right, excellent strike, VF-EF. Estimate: 110-150 USD ILLUSTRAZIONE: SCIPIONE L'AFRICANO

[eracle62]

Grande Scipione mitico...                   

 

•                                                                                          
•  
• SCIPIONE L’AFRICANO, 235 - 183 A.C. 
  Rimase imbattuto sul campo di battaglia, ma soprattutto difese la crescente potenza di Roma e diresse le sue mire espansionistiche nel bacino del Mediterraneo. 
  Sull’onda dell’emozione per la morte del padre (Publio Cornelio Scipione) e dello zio (Gneo Cornelio Scipione Calvo) in Spagna a opera dei Cartaginesi, a soli 26 anni Publio Cornelio Scipione ricevette un comando proconsolare straordinario per la Penisola iberica. 
  Nell’arco di un triennio espugnò Cartagena (206) e sconfisse i Punici a Becula e Ilipa, restituendo la Spagna al controllo di Roma. 
  Tornato nell’Urbe, sostenne con tenacia la strategia di portare la guerra direttamente in Africa, per costringere Annibale ad abbandonare la Penisola italica. Il senato lo assecondò con scarso entusiasmo, lesinandogli gli effettivi.
  Sbarcato sulle coste africane, mise sotto pressione i Cartaginesi e i loro alleati vincendo ai Campi Magni (203) e costringendo Annibale a venire in soccorso alla sua capitale. Sconfisse il grande condottiero punico a Zama nel 202 a.C., obbligando Cartagine alla pace. 
  Nel 189, partecipò come legato alla campagna asiatica contro Antioco III di Siria, guidata dal fratello Scipione, poi detto l’Asiatico. Messo sotto accusa dai suoi nemici politici, si ritirò a vita privata e morì a Literno nel 183 a.C.

[King John]

Spain, Carthago Nova
Hispano-Carthaginian coinage . Trishekel circa 221-206, AR 21.39 g. Laureate head (Melqart or Hannibal) l., with club over r. shoulder. Rev. Elephant r. De Navasques 458. Villaronga CNAA, 12 (this coin). Burgos 485. Robinson, Essays Mattingly, 6(b). Villaronga-Benages 552.
Of the highest rarity, five specimens known of which only three are in private hands.
An issue of tremendous fascination with a superb portrait, lovely tone
and about extremely fine In terms of inventiveness and composition, this coin is from the most extraordinary Barcid coinage in Spain. The high-relief dies are executed with great skill, finding an almost perfect balance between realism and artistic licence. Beyond its obvious visual appeal, this type is also of great historical interest, even if its exact place in the events leading up to, and carrying through the Second Punic War is not certainly established.
Robinson believed that the clean-shaven portraits in this series were Melkart-Herakles with the features of that most formidable enemy of Rome, Hannibal, who in 221 succeeded his brother-in-law Hasdrubal as commander of Carthaginian forces in Spain. The series perhaps began with a coin of this same composition on which the portrait is bearded and the African elephant has a rider; Robinson suggested that variant may have been Hannibal’s effort to portray his deceased father, Hamilcar Barca, before he continued the series with clean-shaven portraits representing himself.
Unlike his diplomatic brother-in-law Hasdrubal, Hannibal followed in his father’s footsteps: he behaved aggressively toward rivals, which, inevitably, led to a new war with Rome. Hostilities reached a perilous height when, in 218, there was a purge of those in the city of Saguntum who supported good relations with the Barcids. Hannibal responded by laying siege to the city, which in a few months succumbed. Carthage and Rome were now unquestionably at war. Though Italy and Spain were the principal regions of conflict, the entire Western Mediterranean was subjected to the privations of war.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: L'ANTAGONISTA DI SCIPIONE L'AFRICANO, ANNIBALE.

[King John]

BRUTUS. Late Summer-Autumn 42 BC. AR Denarius (3.60 gm). Mint moving with Brutus in northern Greece.
Estimate $40000 
BRUTUS. Late Summer-Autumn 42 BC. AR Denarius (3.60 gm). Mint moving with Brutus in northern Greece. L. Plaetorius Cestianus, magistrate. L. PLAET. CEST BRVT IMP, bare head of Brutus right / EID. MAR, pileus between two daggers pointing downward. Crawford 508/3; A.H. Cahn, "EIDibus MARtiis," QT XVIII (1989), 20; CRI 216; Sydenham 1301; BMCRR East 68; RSC 15. EF, minor porosity and surface roughness. Rare. ($40,000).

ILLUSTRAZIONE: BRUTO ASSEDIA LA CITTA' DI XANTO DURANTE LA GUERRA CIVILE ROMANA

[eracle62]

 Beh Annibale altro grande ad un pelo dalla conquista della penisola..

Tondello stupendo, sia per il ritratto al dritto. sia per l'emblematico rovescio...

 

                                      

Annibale

(Cartagine 247, † Bitinia 183 o 182 a.C.). Generale cartaginese. Figlio maggiore di Amilcare Barca, seguì nel 237 il padre in Spagna e, nel 221, ne fu nominato comandante supremo. Nel 220, vincitore di una spedizione militare contro i vaccei, inseguì le truppe dei carpetani al di là del Tago e, sbaragliatele, assediò Sagunto, città alleata di Roma, la espugnò (219) e ne massacrò gli abitanti, scatenando così la seconda guerra punica (218-201). Progettò di sconfiggere i nemici cogliendoli di sorpresa sul fronte settentrionale. Giunto alla bocca più occidentale del Rodano, dopo quattro giorni di marcia, superò il fiume con l’esercito e valicò le Alpi. Appoggiato dai boi e dagli insubri, sconfisse le forze romane al Ticino e alla Trebbia (218). Nel 217, varcato l’Appennino e devastata l’Etruria, vinse e uccise, sulle sponde del lago Trasimeno, il console Gaio Flaminio e marciò verso l’Italia meridionale. Avendo offerto battaglia inutilmente e vedendosi sorvegliato a distanza dalle quattro legioni del dittatore Quinto Fabio Massimo, piegò verso la Puglia, stabilendovi i suoi quartieri d’inverno. Nel 216 a Canne inflisse ai romani, guidati da Lucio Emilio Paolo e Gaio Terenzio Varrone, una disastrosa sconfitta. La lega italica sembrò disgregarsi, Capua aprì le porte ad Annibale. Dal 215 in poi, tuttavia, Marco Claudio Marcello e Fabio Massimo riuscirono con la loro tattica temporeggiatrice a risollevare le sorti della guerra. Caduta la speranza di rinforzi, dopo la sconfitta del fratello Asdrubale al Metauro (207), Annibale fu costretto ad arroccarsi nel Bruzio dove resistette fino all’autunno del 203, quando gli fu intimato dal senato cartaginese di rientrare in patria. Nel 202 fu definitivamente sconfitto da Scipione Africano a Zama. La stessa Cartagine, secondo il trattato di pace, divenne alleata di Roma. Nominato suffeto (197 circa), Annibale tentò poi di riformare la costituzione in senso democratico, alienandosi le simpatie degli aristocratici. Nel timore di essere consegnato ai romani, si rifugiò presso Antioco III; dopo la sconfitta di questi a Magnesia (189) riparò a Creta e quindi presso il re Prusia in Bitinia. Qui, ricercato ancora dai romani, si diede la morte col veleno.

 

 

[King John]

@eracle62

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